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Cattle on Feed
Cattle on Feed
ISSN: 1948-9080
Released April 19, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
United States Cattle on Feed Up 1 Percent
Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for
feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head totaled 11.8 million head on
April 1, 2024. The inventory was 1 percent above April 1, 2023. The inventory
included 7.27 million steers and steer calves, up 2 percent from the previous
year. This group accounted for 61 percent of the total inventory. Heifers and
heifer calves accounted for 4.56 million head, up 1 percent from 2023.
Placements in feedlots during March totaled 1.75 million head, 12 percent
below 2023. Net placements were 1.69 million head. During March, placements
of cattle and calves weighing less than 600 pounds were 330,000 head,
600-699 pounds were 260,000 head, 700-799 pounds were 460,000 head,
800-899 pounds were 466,000 head, 900-999 pounds were 170,000 head, and
1,000 pounds and greater were 60,000 head.
Marketings of fed cattle during March totaled 1.71 million head, 14 percent
below 2023.
Other disappearance totaled 57,000 head during March, 8 percent above 2023.
Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on
1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: April 1, 2023 and 2024
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
Item : 2023 : 2024 :previous year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---- 1,000 head ---- percent
:
On feed March 1 ........................: 11,685 11,838 101
Placed on feed during March ............: 1,992 1,746 88
Fed cattle marketed during March .......: 1,977 1,706 86
Other disappearance during March .......: 53 57 108
On feed April 1 ........................: 11,647 11,821 101
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on
1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: March 1, 2023 and 2024
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
Item : 2023 : 2024 :previous year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---- 1,000 head ---- percent
:
On feed February 1 .....................: 11,754 11,797 100
Placed on feed during February .........: 1,723 1,890 110
Fed cattle marketed during February ....: 1,734 1,793 103
Other disappearance during February ....: 58 56 97
On feed March 1 ........................: 11,685 11,838 101
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle on Feed by Class on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: April 1, 2023 and 2024
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
Item : : :-----------------------------
: 2023 : 2024 :previous year : inventory
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---- 1,000 head --- percent percent
:
Class on feed April 1 ..................:
Steers and steer calves ..............: 7,142 7,266 102 61
Heifers and heifer calves ............: 4,505 4,555 101 39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle on Feed Inventory on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2023 and 2024
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : April 1, 2024
: : :--------------------------------------------
State : April 1, 2023 : March 1, 2024 : : Percent of : Percent of
: : : Inventory :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: --------------- 1,000 head -------------- ----- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 257 258 256 100 99
California .......: 525 520 530 101 102
Colorado .........: 980 1,020 990 101 97
Idaho ............: 320 345 345 108 100
Iowa .............: 640 650 660 103 102
Kansas ...........: 2,430 2,400 2,400 99 100
Minnesota ........: 95 105 105 111 100
Nebraska .........: 2,530 2,560 2,540 100 99
Oklahoma .........: 260 330 330 127 100
South Dakota .....: 220 245 250 114 102
Texas ............: 2,810 2,820 2,840 101 101
Washington .......: 255 255 245 96 96
:
Other States .....: 325 330 330 102 100
:
United States ....: 11,647 11,838 11,821 101 100
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle Placed on Feed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2023 and 2024
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : During March 2024
: During : During :--------------------------------------------
State : March 2023 :February 2024 : : Percent of : Percent of
: : : Placements :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ---- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 28 22 22 79 100
California .......: 73 66 65 89 98
Colorado .........: 155 150 135 87 90
Idaho ............: 37 43 36 97 84
Iowa .............: 109 118 105 96 89
Kansas ...........: 460 460 400 87 87
Minnesota ........: 15 14 14 93 100
Nebraska .........: 480 505 450 94 89
Oklahoma .........: 43 38 41 95 108
South Dakota .....: 44 42 40 91 95
Texas ............: 455 355 365 80 103
Washington .......: 40 33 29 73 88
:
Other States .....: 53 44 44 83 100
:
United States ....: 1,992 1,890 1,746 88 92
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle Placed on Feed by Weight Group on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots and Month - States and United States: 2023 and 2024
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: During March 2023
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head
:
Colorado ......: 30 25 35 45 20 (D) (D) 155
Kansas ........: 50 70 150 135 55 (D) (D) 460
Nebraska ......: 30 65 140 150 95 (D) (D) 480
Texas .........: 160 95 105 75 20 (D) (D) 455
:
Other States ..: 120 60 110 112 40 (D) (D) 442
:
United States .: 390 315 540 517 (X) 170 60 1,992
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: During February 2024
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head
:
Colorado ......: 25 30 35 35 25 (D) (D) 150
Kansas ........: 45 75 155 135 50 (D) (D) 460
Nebraska ......: 35 75 155 165 75 (D) (D) 505
Texas .........: 140 75 70 55 15 (D) (D) 355
:
Other States ..: 115 75 100 95 35 (D) (D) 420
:
United States .: 360 330 515 485 (X) 150 50 1,890
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: During March 2024
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head
:
Colorado ......: 25 20 30 40 20 (D) (D) 135
Kansas ........: 40 55 125 125 55 (D) (D) 400
Nebraska ......: 25 60 130 140 95 (D) (D) 450
Texas .........: 135 70 80 60 20 (D) (D) 365
:
Other States ..: 105 55 95 101 40 (D) (D) 396
:
United States .: 330 260 460 466 (X) 170 60 1,746
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ The 900 pounds and greater weight group is the sum of 900-999 pounds and 1,000 pounds and greater weight groups.
Cattle Marketed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2023 and 2024
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : During March 2024
: During : During :--------------------------------------------
State : March 2023 :February 2024 : : Percent of : Percent of
: : : Marketings :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ---- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 30 25 23 77 92
California .......: 61 60 49 80 82
Colorado .........: 180 135 160 89 119
Idaho ............: 41 41 35 85 85
Iowa .............: 107 106 93 87 88
Kansas ...........: 480 440 390 81 89
Minnesota ........: 14 13 13 93 100
Nebraska .........: 470 480 460 98 96
Oklahoma .........: 52 37 40 77 108
South Dakota .....: 37 36 33 89 92
Texas ............: 415 345 330 80 96
Washington .......: 39 37 38 97 103
:
Other States .....: 51 38 42 82 111
:
United States ....: 1,977 1,793 1,706 86 95
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2023 and 2024
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : During March 2024
: During : During :--------------------------------------------
State : March 2023 :February 2024 : Other : Percent of : Percent of
: : :disappearance :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------- 1,000 head ---------- ----- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 1 1 1 100 100
California .......: 7 6 6 86 100
Colorado .........: 5 5 5 100 100
Idaho ............: 1 2 1 100 50
Iowa .............: 2 2 2 100 100
Kansas ...........: 10 10 10 100 100
Minnesota ........: 1 1 1 100 100
Nebraska .........: 10 15 10 100 67
Oklahoma .........: 1 1 1 100 100
South Dakota .....: 2 1 2 100 200
Texas ............: 10 10 15 150 150
Washington .......: 1 1 1 100 100
:
Other States .....: 2 1 2 100 200
:
United States ....: 53 56 57 108 102
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle on Feed by Class on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Quarter - States and United States:
2023 and 2024
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Steers and steer calves : Heifers and heifer calves
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
State : Apr 1, : Jan 1, : Apr 1, : Apr 1, : Jan 1, : Apr 1,
: 2023 : 2024 : 2024 : 2023 : 2024 : 2024
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 Head
:
Arizona ............: 247 250 246 10 15 10
California .........: 440 415 435 85 105 95
Colorado ...........: 545 540 530 435 480 460
Idaho ..............: 175 180 195 145 155 150
Iowa ...............: 485 475 510 155 155 150
Kansas .............: 1,330 1,380 1,340 1,100 1,100 1,060
Minnesota ..........: 80 85 90 15 20 15
Nebraska ...........: 1,650 1,590 1,660 880 970 880
Oklahoma ...........: 145 195 185 115 140 145
South Dakota .......: 135 135 155 85 95 95
Texas ..............: 1,560 1,610 1,570 1,250 1,250 1,270
Washington .........: 140 145 135 115 125 110
:
Other States .......: 210 195 215 115 125 115
:
United States ......: 7,142 7,195 7,266 4,505 4,735 4,555
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Terms and Definitions of Cattle on Feed Estimates
Cattle on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage,
hay and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to
produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being
"backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another
feedlot.
Placements are steers and heifers put into a feedlot, fed a ration which will
produce a carcass that will grade select or better, and are intended for the
slaughter market.
Marketings are steers and heifers shipped out of feedlots to a slaughter
market.
Other disappearance includes death loss, movement from feedlots to pasture,
and shipments to other feedlots for further feeding.
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: During January and July all known feedlots in the United
States with capacity of 1,000 or more head are surveyed to provide data for
cattle on feed estimates. During the other months, all known feedlots from 16
States are surveyed. The 16 States account for approximately 98 percent of
the cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head.
Individual State estimates are published monthly for 12 of the 16 States.
Data collected from the remaining 4 States are used to establish the "Other
States" estimates. These 4 States include Illinois, New Mexico, Oregon, and
Wyoming. The "Other States" category represents all cattle on feed with a
capacity of 1,000 or more head for the rest of the United States.
Estimating Procedures: These cattle on feed estimates were prepared by the
Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis
submitted by Regional Field Offices. Regional and State survey data were
reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the
previous month when establishing the current estimates.
Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve month to
month relationships. Estimates for the previous month are subject to revision
in all States each month when current estimates are made. In February, all
monthly estimates for the previous year, and the number of feedlots and
annual marketings from two years ago are reviewed and subject to revisions.
The reviews are primarily based on slaughter data, state check-off or brand
data, and any other data that may have been received after the original
estimate was made. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Census
of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date and
estimates become final.
Reliability: Since all 1,000+ capacity cattle on feed operators in every
State are not included in the monthly survey, survey estimates are subject to
sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors
such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and
processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly.
They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection
process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and
reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report,
the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the
following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based
on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and
latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle on feed inventory
estimates over the past 24 months is 0.6 percent. This means that chances are
2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current
estimate of 11.8 million head by more than 0.6 percent. Chances are 9 out of
10 that the difference will not exceed 1.0 percent.
The table on the following page shows a 24-month record of the range of
differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using
estimates of number on feed as an example, changes between the first estimate
and the latest estimate during the past 24 months have averaged 55,000 head,
ranging from 0 to 115,000 head. During this period the initial estimate has
been above the latest estimate 0 times and has been below the latest estimate
21 times. This does not imply that the initial estimate is likely to
understate or overstate final inventory.
Reliability of Monthly Cattle on Feed Estimates
[Based on data for the past 24 months]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate
: square error : confidence : : : : :
: : level :-------------------------------------------------------------
Item : : : : : : Months
: : : : : :-------------------------------
: : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: percent percent -------- 1,000 -------- ----- number -----
:
On feed ......................: 0.6 1.0 55 0 115 21 0
:
Placements ...................: 0.5 0.9 7 0 24 10 11
:
Marketings ...................: 0.1 0.2 2 0 6 10 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics
Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov.
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ....................................................... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ......................................................... (202) 690-2424
Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter .................................................... (202) 690-8632
Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ........................................................ (202) 720-3040
Kim DaPra - Milk Production and Milk Cows .................................................. (512) 501-3266
Donnie Fike - Dairy Products ............................................................... (202) 690-3347
Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs............................................................. (202) 720-3106
Suzanne Richards - Sheep and Goats ......................................................... (202) 720-4448
Access to NASS Reports
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